The Sources of Islamic Law

The law in Islam is based upon these four main sources:

The Qur'an

All of Muslims believe the Qur'an to be the direct words of Allah, as revealed to and transmitted by the Prophet Muhammad. All sources of Islamic law must be in essential agreement with the Qur'an, the most fundamental source of Islamic knowledge. When the Qur'an itself does not speak directly or in detail about a certain subject, Muslims only then turn to alternative sources of Islamic law.

The Sunnah

Sunnah is the traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad, many of which have been recorded in the volumes of Hadith literature. The resources include many things that he “said, did, or agreed to” and he lived his life according to the Qur'an, putting the Qur'an into practice in his own life.

During his lifetime, the Prophet's family and companions observed him and shared with others exactly what they had seen in his words and behaviors - i.e. how he performed ablutions, how he prayed, and how he performed many other acts of worship. People also asked the Prophet directly for rulings on various matters, and he would pronounce his judgment. All of these details were passed on and recorded, to be referred to in future legal rulings. Many issues concerning personal conduct, community and family relations, political matters, etc. were addressed during the time of the Prophet, decided by him, and recorded. The Sunnah can thus clarify details of what is stated generally in the Qur'an.

Ijma' (consensus)

In some situations when Muslims have not been able to find a specific legal ruling in the Qur'an or Sunnah, the consensus of the community is sought (or at least the consensus of the legal scholars within the community). The Prophet Muhammad once said that his community (i.e. the Muslim community) would never agree on an error.

Qiyas (analogy)

In cases when something new which needs a legal ruling, but has not been clearly addressed in the other sources, judges may use analogy, reasoning, and legal precedent to decide new case law but it still must follow the guide from Quran and Sunnah. This is often the case when a general principle can be applied to new situations.

Prophets of Islam

Why has God sent prophets? What is the prophet’s task. Islam teaches that God has sent prophets to humanity, in different times and places, to communicate His message. Since the beginning of time, God has sent His guidance through these chosen people. They were human beings who taught the people around them about faith in One Almighty God, and how to walk on the path of righteousness. Some prophets also revealed God's Word through the holy books of revelation.

What message have the prophets brought to human beings? Muslims believe that all prophets gave guidance and instruction to their people about how to properly worship God and live their lives. Since God is One, His message has been one and the same throughout time. In essence, all prophets taught the message of Islam, to find peace in our life through submission to the One Almighty Creator, to believe in God and to follow His guidance.

What does the Allah says in Qur'an about these prophets? "The Messenger believes in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, as do the men of faith. Each one of them believes in God, His angels, His books, and His Messengers. They say: “We make no distinction between one and another of His Messengers.' And they say: “We hear, and we obey. We seek Thy forgiveness, Our Lord, and to Thee is the end of all journeys.” (Al-Baqarah, 2:285)

What prophets are named in the Qur'an? There are 25 prophets mentioned by name in the Qur'an, which all the Muslims must know although there were many more in different times and places. Among the 25 prophets that Muslims honor are:

1. Adam
2. Idris (Enoch)
3. Nuh (Noah)
4. Hud
   
5. Saleh
   
6. Ibrahim(Abraham)
   
7. Isma'il (Ismael)
8. Ishaq (Isaac)
9. Lut (Lot)
10. Ya'qub (Jacob)
11. Yusuf (Joseph)
12. Shu'aib
13. Ayyub (Job)
14. Musa (Moses)
15. Harun (Aaron)
16. Dzulkifl (Ezekiel)
17. Dawud (David)
18. Sulaiman (Solomon)
19. Ilias (Elias)
20. IlYasa (Elisha)
21. Yunus (Jonah)
22. Zakariyya (Zechariah)
23. Yahya (John)
24. Isa (Jesus)
25. Muhammad (PBUH)